Hard Like Water by Yan Lianke & Carlos Rojas

Author:Yan Lianke & Carlos Rojas [Yan Lianke & Carlos Rojas]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: The Text Publishing Company
Published: 2021-03-29T00:00:00+00:00

3. Dialectical Contradiction

There are two levels to the question of the differences between the particular and universal levels of contradiction. The first level notes that contradiction can be found in the development of all things, while the second is that a contradictory movement can be found in the development of every particular thing.

Lenin explained the universality of contradiction as follows:

“In mathematics, there are positive and negative numbers, and differential and integral equations.

“In mechanics, there is force and reaction.

“In physics, there are positive and negative charges.

“In chemistry, there are processes of atomic combination and decomposition.

“And in social sciences, there is class struggle.”

In life, there is birth and death.

In humanity, there are men and women.

In literature, there is truth and fiction.

Because of the extraordinarily vast scope of things and their endless development, some things are characterized by their universality in some situations and their particularity in others, and conversely other things are characterized by their particularity in some situations and their universality in others.

The question of the relationship between the universality and the particularity of contradiction is precisely that of the relationship between the generality and the specificity of contradiction.

This principle of the relationship between generality and specificity, between absoluteness and relativity, is precisely the quintessence of the question of contradiction—and if you don’t understand this, then you have essentially abandoned all dialectics.

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